02 · Water change

Calculadora de mudança de água – água de osmose remineralizada em gramas.

Pick your tank volume and how much you're changing. The calculator returns the exact grams of GH+ and KH+ to add to your RO/DI for the target hardness, with TDS and EC computed. Works for planted, shrimp and community freshwater.

Target GH / KH / TDS
Brand-aware Salty Shrimp, Tropic Marin, Seachem
Reminds you to match temp + pH
Change volume
%
dGH
dKH
Salt strategy
Advanced options
: default 4:1
Add to RO water
Carbonate buffer
KHCO3
0g
Calcium salt
CaCl2 · 2H2O
0g
Magnesium salt
MgSO4 · 7H2O
0g
Other ions added
Cl- 0 ppm
SO4 0 ppm
K+ 0 ppm
New RO water0 L
Resulting TDS0 ppm
EC ≈0 µS
Iguale a temperatura até 1 °C e o pH até 0,2 antes de adicionar. Introduza gota a gota ao longo de 20–30 min para fauna sensível.
Save to tank →

Why aquarium water changes matter

Uma mudança de água faz três coisas em simultâneo: remove nitratos e matéria orgânica dissolvida que a filtragem não consegue eliminar, repõe os minerais que as plantas e os camarões consomem e restabelece o efeito tampão para que o pH se mantenha estável. Não fazer mudanças de água é quase sempre a causa do declínio gradual que termina com alguém a perguntar num grupo do Facebook às 23h porque é que "está tudo a morrer".

How much water to change, and how often

A short table is more useful than five paragraphs of caveats:

SetupTypical scheduleWhy
Low-tech planted25% / 2 weeksslow plant uptake, stable nitrate
High-tech / EI50% / weekresets dosed nutrients before they accumulate
Crystal / Bee shrimp10–15% / weekshrimp dislike rapid swings
Neocaridina / community20–25% / weekgood balance
Goldfish, cichlids30–40% / weekheavy bioload, high nitrate
Quarantine / hospital25% / 2 daysfast turnover during treatment

Remineralising RO/DI water

Reverse-osmosis water comes out of the membrane stripped - TDS of 0–5 ppm, no GH, no KH, no buffer. Putting that straight into a tank is worse than tap water for almost every fish. You need to add minerals back in two separate steps:

Step 1 – GH+ for hardness

A "dureza total" (GH) corresponde ao cálcio + magnésio. A maioria dos peixes de água doce precisa de alguma – os camarões necessitam dela para a muda da casca. Aponte para 4–6 dGH para Caridina e 6–10 dGH para Neocaridina e peixes comunitários.

Step 2 – KH+ for buffer

A "dureza carbonatada" (KH) é o que impede as variações bruscas de pH. Sem ela, a injeção de CO₂ ou a respiração dos peixes faz oscilar perigosamente o pH. 2–4 dKH é suficiente para camarões e aquários plantados; os aquários comunitários funcionam frequentemente com 4–8 dKH.

Buy your salts separately. "All-in-one" remineralisers lock GH and KH at a ratio that suits exactly one type of tank. Keeping GH+ and KH+ separate means one bag works for the shrimp tank, the planted tank, and the community tank. aquariumtools - water-change notes

What TDS should I aim for?

TDS - total dissolved solids - is a quick proxy for "how much stuff is in the water". After remineralising RO, expect TDS roughly equal to (GH dGH × 17) + (KH dKH × 17) + 30 ppm of trace minerals. The calculator does this for you.

The boring but important part

Two practical tips that quietly determine whether your livestock notice the change:

  1. Iguale a temperatura com uma margem de ~1 °C. Um pequeno termóstato no balde da mudança é a forma mais fácil.
  2. Faça a aclimatação gota a gota da nova água ao longo de 20–30 minutos se o seu aquário tiver camarões ou peixes selvagens. Um simples pedaço de tubo de ar com um nó é suficiente.
How much water should I change in my aquarium?
For most freshwater setups, 10-30% weekly is standard. Heavily stocked or planted tanks running the EI method change 50% weekly. Reef tanks often go 10-20% bi-weekly. The goal is keeping nitrate stable, not zero.
How do I remineralise RO water?
Add GH+ salts to raise general hardness, then KH+ buffer for carbonate hardness. Stir for at least 10 minutes, let it dissolve fully, then test TDS before adding to the tank. The calculator gives you grams for your target GH, KH and volume.
Should new water match tank temperature?
Within about 1 °C. Larger swings stress fish and shrimp. Match pH within 0.2 too. If the new water is colder, pre-heat in a bucket with a small heater, or drip it in over 20-30 minutes.
What is a safe TDS for a shrimp tank?
Crystal red shrimp prefer TDS 100-150 ppm with GH 4-6. Neocaridina want 200-300 ppm. Adjust the targets in the calculator and watch the resulting TDS update live.
Can I use tap water instead of RO?
Sometimes - if your tap is soft, low-nitrate and dechlorinated. Many municipal supplies are chloraminated, high in copper, or extremely hard. A TDS pen and a quick water-quality report from your supplier will tell you in five minutes whether RO is necessary.

Related guides

Try another

Three more little maths machines.

Deixe de introduzir a receita todos os domingos.

Save your water-change profile to a tank and the math goes with you.

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